","creatorId":44,"createdAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-08-21T08:05:05.172Z"} 2e:{"id":1744,"questionId":999,"text":"Vertical gene transfer.","answer":"

The transfer of genes from an organism down to its offspring (next generation) by reproduction, resulting in genetically identical daughter cells.

","creatorId":44,"createdAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-08-21T08:05:05.172Z"} 2f:{"id":1745,"questionId":999,"text":"Horizontal gene transfer.","answer":"

The transfer of genetic material laterally to other microbes of the same generation, forming new combinations of genes (gene recombination).

","creatorId":44,"createdAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-08-21T08:05:05.172Z"} 2a:["$2b","$2c","$2d","$2e","$2f"] 27:{"id":999,"quizId":127,"image":null,"width":null,"height":null,"creatorId":44,"createdAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-08-21T08:05:05.166Z","tapes":"$28","masks":"$29","subQuestions":"$2a"} 31:[] 32:[] 34:{"id":1754,"questionId":1001,"text":"[Give reason] A lysogenic bacterium is immune to infection by the same phage.","answer":"

Because the presence of the prophage in the bacterial chromosome confers immunity, preventing superinfection by the same type of phage.

","creatorId":44,"createdAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-08-21T08:05:05.241Z"} 35:{"id":1755,"questionId":1001,"text":"Conjugation is a more efficient mechanism for gene transfer than transformation.","answer":"

Because conjugation is a rapid, direct transfer between living cells that can occur between different bacterial species, whereas transformation is limited by the recipient's natural competence and typically only occurs between the same or closely related species.

","creatorId":44,"createdAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-08-21T08:05:05.241Z"} 36:{"id":1756,"questionId":1001,"text":"Transduction requires a bacteriophage.","answer":"

Because the bacteriophage acts as a vector, mistakenly packaging bacterial DNA instead of or alongside its own genome and transferring it to a new host cell during infection.

","creatorId":44,"createdAt":null,"updatedAt":

Written Quiz

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