(Antibiotic resistance):_Antibiotics has no effects on :
Viral illess (cold,flu,sore throat &bronchitis)
_MDROs:
*bacteria that have developed resistance to one or more classes of antibiotics.*Examples: MRSA, VRE ,CRE ,TB
_MRSA:
type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics called beta-lactams (hospital acquired infection)*mostly skin infection
_VRE:
Enterococci that have become resistant
_Antibiotic usage :
1-Empirical therapy : usage of broad spectrum antibiotic before lab. results
2-Prophylaxis:usually just prior to surgery
3-Pathogen-directed therapy : usage of specific antibiotic guided by results of lab investigations
_Ideal antibiotic:
Most effective,safest,cheapest,active agent,with narrow spectrum of activity
_Prevention strategies of antimicrobial resistance:
1-prevent infection (Vaccination,get catheters out)
2-Diagnosis&Treat infection (target pathogen;Access the experts)
3-Use antimicrbial wisely (practice antimicrobial control,Trat infection not contamination neither colonization ,don’t use vancomycin,stop ttt after cure)
4-Prevent transmission (isolate pathogen,break chain of contagious)
_Antibiotic stewardship :!!!!!!!!!!!!
*Def:coordinated program that seeks to promote appropriate use of all antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals
*Goals:
1-Improve patient outcomes
2-Optimize selection, dose and duration of Rx
3-Reduce adverse drug events including secondary
infection (e.g. C. difficile infection)
4-Reduce morbidity and mortality (mcq)
5-Limit emergence of antimicrobial resistance (mcq)
*Team:
1-Physician
2-Pharmacist
3-Microbiologist
4-IC-Professional
5-Hospital epidemiologist
(Antibiotic resistance):_Antibiotics has no effects on :
Viral illess (cold,flu,sore throat &bronchitis)
_MDROs:
*bacteria that have developed resistance to one or more classes of antibiotics.*Examples: MRSA, VRE ,CRE ,TB
_MRSA:
type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics called beta-lactams (hospital acquired infection)*mostly skin infection
_VRE:
Enterococci that have become resistant
_Antibiotic usage :
1-Empirical therapy : usage of broad spectrum antibiotic before lab. results
2-Prophylaxis:usually just prior to surgery
3-Pathogen-directed therapy : usage of specific antibiotic guided by results of lab investigations
_Ideal antibiotic:
Most effective,safest,cheapest,active agent,with narrow spectrum of activity
_Prevention strategies of antimicrobial resistance:
1-prevent infection (Vaccination,get catheters out)
2-Diagnosis&Treat infection (target pathogen;Access the experts)
3-Use antimicrbial wisely (practice antimicrobial control,Trat infection not contamination neither colonization ,don’t use vancomycin,stop ttt after cure)
4-Prevent transmission (isolate pathogen,break chain of contagious)
_Antibiotic stewardship :!!!!!!!!!!!!
*Def:coordinated program that seeks to promote appropriate use of all antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals
*Goals:
1-Improve patient outcomes
2-Optimize selection, dose and duration of Rx
3-Reduce adverse drug events including secondary
infection (e.g. C. difficile infection)
4-Reduce morbidity and mortality (mcq)
5-Limit emergence of antimicrobial resistance (mcq)
*Team:
1-Physician
2-Pharmacist
3-Microbiologist
4-IC-Professional
5-Hospital epidemiologist