- د.فاطمة 2026Book 18:21
- د. شيرين حامد
- د. إيمان نبيل
- د. أحمد زهرة
- سبورة د. أحمد زهرة
📌 Neuroglia
Non-neural cells represent the dominant part of the nervous system.
🖇 Characters:
- Small in size & numerous in number.
- Represent half of CNS volume.
- Highly divided by mitosis in tumor.
- All are ectodermal in origin except microglia → mesodermal
🟣 CNS Cells
1️⃣ Microglia
📍 Site:
- White & gray matter.
🚨 Function:
- Antigen presenting cells.
- هي الخلايا الوحيدة التي تنشأ من الميزوديرم.
🟠 Distinctive Features:
- Micro in size.
- Mesodermal in origin.
- Macrophage cells.
2️⃣ Astrocyte
📌 Astrocytes are divided into two types:
- Protoplasmic Cell : Large cell with large nucleus Numerous thick processes with branches.
- Fibrous Cell: Tall, thin process With non-branched processes
📌 EM (Electron Microscope):
- Golgi apparatus present.
- Presence of glial filaments, which are specific for this type (protoplasmic glia).
📌 Cytoplasm Characteristics:
- Electron lucent cytoplasm.
- Highly free organelles.
🚨 Function:
- Support.
- Nutrition.
- Metabolic activity.
3️⃣ Ependymal Glia
📍 Site:
- Spinal canal (القناة الشوكية).
- Brain ventricles (بطينات الدماغ).
🚨 Function:
- CSF formation.
4️⃣ Oligodendrocyte Glia Cells
📌 Types:
- Interfascicular: White matter → with axons.
- النوع الموجود في المادة البيضاء بجوار المحاور العصبية (axons).
- Perineuronal: Gray matter → with soma.
- النوع الموجود في المادة الرمادية حول جسم الخلية (soma).
📌 EM (Electron Microscope):
Cytoplasm contains:
- RER
- Golgi
- Mitochondria
- Lysosome
- Presence of Microtubules
📌 Neuroglia
Non-neural cells represent the dominant part of the nervous system.
🖇 Characters:
- Small in size & numerous in number.
- Represent half of CNS volume.
- Highly divided by mitosis in tumor.
- All are ectodermal in origin except microglia → mesodermal
🟣 CNS Cells
1️⃣ Microglia
📍 Site:
- White & gray matter.
🚨 Function:
- Antigen presenting cells.
- هي الخلايا الوحيدة التي تنشأ من الميزوديرم.
🟠 Distinctive Features:
- Micro in size.
- Mesodermal in origin.
- Macrophage cells.
2️⃣ Astrocyte
📌 Astrocytes are divided into two types:
- Protoplasmic Cell : Large cell with large nucleus Numerous thick processes with branches.
- Fibrous Cell: Tall, thin process With non-branched processes
📌 EM (Electron Microscope):
- Golgi apparatus present.
- Presence of glial filaments, which are specific for this type (protoplasmic glia).
📌 Cytoplasm Characteristics:
- Electron lucent cytoplasm.
- Highly free organelles.
🚨 Function:
- Support.
- Nutrition.
- Metabolic activity.
3️⃣ Ependymal Glia
📍 Site:
- Spinal canal (القناة الشوكية).
- Brain ventricles (بطينات الدماغ).
🚨 Function:
- CSF formation.
4️⃣ Oligodendrocyte Glia Cells
📌 Types:
- Interfascicular: White matter → with axons.
- النوع الموجود في المادة البيضاء بجوار المحاور العصبية (axons).
- Perineuronal: Gray matter → with soma.
- النوع الموجود في المادة الرمادية حول جسم الخلية (soma).
📌 EM (Electron Microscope):
Cytoplasm contains:
- RER
- Golgi
- Mitochondria
- Lysosome
- Presence of Microtubules