C2) Air borne disease

▫️No carrier: Influenza(no chronic carrier) virus,measels,varicella Zoster

▫️ Incubitory carrier : Rubella,Mumps

▫️Milk borne infection : Streptococcal pharyngitis , Diphtheria ,TB (Tubercle mastitis (intestinal TB) )

▫️Chemoprophylaxis : Streptococcal pharyngitis,Pertussis , meningitides(Rifampacin),TB

▫️Animal reservoir: Influenza, Diphtheria (udder),TB(mainly extrapulmonary)

▫️Latent reactivation :TB,Varicella Zoster

🔹Swine influenza (pandemic)

🔹Measles (endemic)

🔹Mumps (Epidemic parotitis)

🔷 Monkey 🐒 pox IA an (out break in 2022-2023)

📍Incubation period:

1- Influenza virus & Common cold   1-2days

2-Avian Influenza:2-8 days and possibly as long as 17 days.

3-Measles : 10-12 days

4-Rubella,Mumps&Varicella Zoster  :2-3 weeks

5-Corona:5-6 days, but can be as long as 14 days

6-Streptcoccal pharyngitis:1-3days

7- Pertussis : 7-10days

8- Diphtheria : 2-7days

9- Neisseria meningitides :2-10 days

10-TB:4-6weeksI.p for monkey 🐒 pox 1_21 day

Period of communicability بيلزق في الشخصUntil after all scalps fall+++Replaced by intact skin

📍Period of infectivity:

1-Influenza:Viral shedding begins 1 to 2 days before onset of symptoms and lasts about 1week.

2-Measels: throughout the course of the disease (about 8days), 4 days before appearance of rash and 4 days after appearance of rash.

3-Rubella:Adults: from 5 days before appearance rash (during incubation period) to 5 days after appearance of the rash. - Newborn with congenital rubella: discharge the virus for months after birth till 1 year (about 90 % of them have the virus in most of their oropharynx & extravascular fluids (e.g cerebrospinal fluid, tears, and urine).

4-Mumps: 3weeks

- 1 week before salivary enlargement.

- 2 weeks after salivary enlargement(till it disappears)

5-Varicella Zoster:extends from 1 day before onset of rash to 4 -5 days after rash appears, or until lesions have formed crusts.

♦️Notes ▫️Measels : Usually affects children after   the age of 6 months (after the decrease in the transferred maternal immunity).

▫️Rubella: typical rash and cervical lymphadenopathy.

▫️Mumps: life-long immunity-Complications: Orchitis, oophoritis, pancreatities,meningoencephalities, congenital anomalies (1st trimester).-Seroattenuation(Cases)

▫️Corona : -Typical chest imaging findings suggestive of COVID -19 include the following:

- Chest radiography: hazy opacities ,often rounded in morphology ,with peripheral and lower lung distribution

Chest CT: multiple bilateral ground glass opacities(GGO),often rounded in morphology, with peripheral and lower lung distribution

▫️Pertussis: spasmodic coughing, with inspiratory whoop,Begins at birth (no maternally acquired immunity) highest in schoolage.

▫️Diphtheria: Notice the -Pseudomembrane in the posterior pharynx, It can become very large and may Obstruct the airway-For Susceptibility: - Schick test: - It is Cutaneous test to determine whether the circulating antitoxin is sufficient for protection or not. {If (+)… Susceptible, if (-) Immuned}-Culture on Loffler's or Tellurite medium.

▫️Haemophilus influenza:1- Meningitis: Caused by type B encapsulated types . 2- Acute Epiglottitis: It is a rapidly fatal disease because of respiratory obstruction. 3- Acute Otitis media and pneumonia: in children less than 5 years, in adults it causes pneumonia and chronic bronchitis.

▫️Neisseria meningitides:Carriers are the Main source of disease spread in the community.-Episthotonus. - Positive Kerning's and Brudzinsky signs.

▫️BCG vaccine of TB (Intradermal)

Monkey 🐒 pox characteristics Flat sore>blister filled with fluid Itchy and painful presents in hand ,feet ,mouth ,Anusara and groin area.