The cell structure

📌 Definition
The cell = structural & functional unit of body organs.
📌 Functions
Perform: secretion, respiration, sensation, conduction, movement, reproduction, absorption, excretion, contraction, growth.
📌 Size
Range: 4 µm → 150 µm
🟠 Example (small): lymphocyte ≈ 6 µm
🟠 Example (large): ovum ≈ 150 µm
📌 Shape
Rounded – Oval – Flat – Stellate ⭐ – Polygonal – Cubical – Columnar
📌 Structure
2 main parts:
1️⃣ Cytoplasm
2️⃣ Nucleus
🟣 Cytoplasm Components
🖇 1. Cytoplasmic Matrix (Cell Sap)
Fluid substance inside the cell.
🖇 2. Cytoplasmic Organelles (Cell Organoids)
🔹 A) Membranous – enclosed by membrane, perform vital functions:
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum (Rough & Smooth)
Peroxisomes
Endosomes (new lysosomes)
Coated secretory vesicles
🔹 B) Non-Membranous – no membrane, special structures:
Ribosomes
Centrioles
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Cilia
Flagella
🖇 3. Cytoplasmic Cytoskeleton
Internal support & shape framework.
🖇 4. Cytoplasmic Inclusions (Cell Inclusions)
Temporary storage or non-living materials.