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1^st Semester → Biomedical🎀 → Microbiology →

L1 Bacterial classification, structure and function

شرح د محمد القط
د.محمد الشريف
30 min
د.هنادي1️⃣
21 min
د.هنادي2️⃣
26 min
د.هنادس 3️⃣
27 min
د.هنادي4️⃣
22 min
د.هنادي5️⃣
28 min
د.أنور
ساعة وربع
د.أحمد عصام1️⃣2024
44 min +mini video 6 min
- 1^st
- 2^nd
د.أحمد عصام 2024 2️⃣
ساعة +mini video 9 min
- 1^st
- 2^nd
د.أحمد عصام 3️⃣2024
ساعة وربع +mini video 13 min
- 1^st
- 2^nd

2025

AI [MCQS QUIZ] 2025
Presented by
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AI {Written Quiz} 2025
Presented by
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Question {"text":"What is the primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?","options":["Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not","Prokaryotes have a cell wall, eukaryotes do not","Eukaryotes are always unicellular","Prokaryotes contain organelles"],"correctOptionIndex":0,"explanation":"Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus containing DNA, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, with DNA in the cytoplasm. **Mnemonic**: 'Eu' = true nucleus; 'Pro' = no (nucleus)."}, {"text":"Which structure in bacterial cells is responsible for maintaining their characteristic shape?","options":["Cell membrane","Cell wall","Capsule","Flagellum"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The cell wall provides structural integrity and maintains the characteristic shape of bacterial cells. **Mnemonic**: 'Wall shapes the hall' (cell wall shapes the cell)."}, {"text":"What is the primary function of the bacterial capsule?","options":["Protein synthesis","Antiphagocytosis","DNA replication","Cell motility"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The capsule prevents phagocytosis, aiding bacterial survival. **Mnemonic**: 'Capsule is a shield against phagocytes' (CASP = Capsule Against Swallowing Phagocytes)."}, {"text":"Which component of Gram-negative bacteria is associated with endotoxin activity?","options":["Teichoic acid","Lipopolysaccharide","Peptidoglycan","Capsule"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is responsible for endotoxin activity. **Mnemonic**: 'LPS = Lethal Poisonous Substance' for Gram-negative bacteria."}, {"text":"What is the sedimentation rate of bacterial ribosomes?","options":["50S","70S","80S","30S"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Bacterial ribosomes have a 70S sedimentation rate, composed of 30S and 50S subunits. **Mnemonic**: 'Bacteria at 70, party with 30 and 50' (70S = 30S + 50S)."}, {"text":"What is the role of plasmids in bacterial cells?","options":["Store food reserves","Circular extrachromosomal DNA","Protein synthesis","Protect against phagocytosis"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Plasmids are circular extrachromosomal DNA carrying non-essential genes. **Mnemonic**: 'Plasmids = Portable DNA'."}, {"text":"Which structure is NOT typically found in a prokaryotic cell?","options":["Ribosomes","Nucleus","Cell wall","Plasma membrane"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells. **Mnemonic**: 'Pro = No nucleus'."}, {"text":"What is the composition of the bacterial cell membrane?","options":["Single layer of proteins","Two layers of phospholipids + proteins + enzymes","Peptidoglycan only","Lipopolysaccharide only"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The bacterial cell membrane consists of two layers of phospholipids, proteins, and enzymes. **Mnemonic**: 'Membrane = PhosPho + Proteins + Enzymes' (PPE)."}, {"text":"What is the primary role of the cell wall in protecting bacterial cells?","options":["DNA replication","Protein synthesis","Protection from hypotonicity","Antiphagocytosis"],"correctOptionIndex":2,"explanation":"The cell wall protects the cell membrane from external hypotonic environments. **Mnemonic**: 'Wall guards against water burst'."}, {"text":"What is the taxonomic rank immediately below genus in bacterial classification?","options":["Order","Family","Species","Subspecies"],"correctOptionIndex":2,"explanation":"Species is the taxonomic rank below genus in bacterial classification. **Mnemonic**: 'Order, Family, Genus, Species' = OFGS (Oh, Family Grows Species)."}, {"text":"Which bacterial structure is responsible for motility?","options":["Capsule","Pili","Flagellum","Cell wall"],"correctOptionIndex":2,"explanation":"The bacterial flagellum enables motility. **Mnemonic**: 'Flagellum = Flag for movement'."}, {"text":"What is the primary role of intracytoplasmic inclusions in bacteria?","options":["DNA storage","Food reserves","Protein synthesis","Antigenic identification"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Intracytoplasmic inclusions serve as food reserves. **Mnemonic**: 'Inclusions = Internal food stash'."}, {"text":"Which feature distinguishes endospores from other bacterial structures?","options":["They are motile","They resist harsh conditions","They synthesize proteins","They are antigenic"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Endospores are highly resistant, dormant forms surviving harsh conditions. **Mnemonic**: 'Endospores Endure' (EE)."}, {"text":"What is the primary method to kill bacterial endospores?","options":["Boiling","Autoclaving","Freezing","Drying"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Endospores are resistant to most methods but can be killed by autoclaving. **Mnemonic**: 'Autoclave Annihilates Endospores' (AAE)."}, {"text":"What is the role of the capsule in bacterial identification?","options":["Motility","Antigenic typing","Protein synthesis","DNA replication"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The capsule is antigenic, aiding in bacterial identification and typing. **Mnemonic**: 'Capsule = Antigenic ID Card'."}, {"text":"Which component is unique to Gram-positive bacteria?","options":["Lipopolysaccharide","Teichoic acid","Peptidoglycan","Outer membrane"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Teichoic acid is found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. **Mnemonic**: 'Teichoic = Totally Gram-Positive'."}, {"text":"What is the core component of bacterial endospores?","options":["Lipids","Nuclear material","Proteins","Carbohydrates"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The core of endospores contains nuclear material. **Mnemonic**: 'Endospore Core = Nuclear Store'."}, {"text":"Which structure is involved in protein synthesis in bacteria?","options":["Plasmids","Ribosomes","Capsule","Cell wall"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Ribosomes (70S) are responsible for protein synthesis in bacteria. **Mnemonic**: 'Ribosomes = Protein Factories'."}, {"text":"What is the role of the cell wall in Gram staining?","options":["Determines cell motility","Responsible for Gram stain reaction","Synthesizes proteins","Stores DNA"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The cell wall structure determines the Gram stain reaction. **Mnemonic**: 'Wall decides the stain call'."}, {"text":"What is the sedimentation rate of the larger subunit of bacterial ribosomes?","options":["30S","50S","70S","80S"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Bacterial ribosomes consist of a 50S and a 30S subunit, totaling 70S. **Mnemonic**: '50S + 30S = 70S Success'."}, {"text":"Which bacterial structure is impermeable to water in endospores?","options":["Core","Cortex","Capsule","Cell wall"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The cortex of endospores is impermeable to water, aiding resistance. **Mnemonic**: 'Cortex = Water-proof coat'."}, {"text":"What is the primary function of pili in bacteria?","options":["Motility","Attachment","Protein synthesis","DNA storage"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Pili facilitate attachment to surfaces or other cells. **Mnemonic**: 'Pili = Sticky Piles'."}, {"text":"Which component of the bacterial cell wall is responsible for surface antigens?","options":["Peptidoglycan","Teichoic acid","Lipopolysaccharide","All of the above"],"correctOptionIndex":3,"explanation":"The cell wall components, including teichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide, act as surface antigens. **Mnemonic**: 'Surface Antigens = Wall’s ID Tags'."}, {"text":"What is the taxonomic hierarchy order from largest to smallest?","options":["Species, Genus, Family, Order","Order, Family, Genus, Species","Genus, Species, Family, Order","Family, Order, Genus, Species"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The correct hierarchy is Order, Family, Genus, Species. **Mnemonic**: 'Organized Families Grow Species' (OFGS)."}, {"text":"Which bacterial structure is described as a double-stranded DNA in the cytoplasm?","options":["Plasmid","Nuclear body","Ribosome","Inclusion"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The nuclear body in bacteria contains double-stranded DNA. **Mnemonic**: 'Nuclear Body = DNA Home'."}, {"text":"What is the role of the glyocalyx in bacterial cells?","options":["Protein synthesis","Protection and adhesion","DNA replication","Motility"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The glyocalyx aids in protection and adhesion. **Mnemonic**: 'Glyocalyx = Gluey Protection'."}, {"text":"Which bacterial structure is associated with food reserves?","options":["Nuclear body","Plasmids","Intracytoplasmic inclusions","Ribosomes"],"correctOptionIndex":2,"explanation":"Intracytoplasmic inclusions store food reserves. **Mnemonic**: 'Inclusions = Food Vault'."}, {"text":"What is the primary characteristic of bacterial endospores outside the host?","options":["Active metabolism","Dormant state","Protein synthesis","Motility"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"Endospores are dormant outside the host, resisting harsh conditions. **Mnemonic**: 'Endospores = Dormant Defenders'."}, {"text":"Which bacterial component is involved in antigenic identification?","options":["Cell wall","Capsule","Flagellum","Ribosomes"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The capsule is antigenic, used for identification and typing. **Mnemonic**: 'Capsule = Antigenic Badge'."}, {"text":"What is the primary role of the plasma membrane in bacterial cells?","options":["Structural support","Selective permeability","DNA storage","Antiphagocytosis"],"correctOptionIndex":1,"explanation":"The plasma membrane regulates selective permeability. **Mnemonic**: 'Plasma = Gatekeeper'."} ]

مجهول - مبرمج الموقع + أجزاء من السيرفر

مجهول تو - مبرمج السيرفر الجديد (الحالي)

عمر عبد العليم - مبرمج تطبيق الأندرويد

عبد الرحمن صابر - مبرمج السيرفر القديم

مجهولة - نشر التطبيق + اقتراح الإضافات وتطويرات تجربة المستخدم

محمد الزيات - مصمم اللوجو

الأدمينز - إضافة المصادر والاختبارات

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